[159] Nixon announced the ground invasion of Cambodia on April 30, 1970, against North Vietnamese bases in the east of the country,[160] and further protests erupted against perceived expansion of the conflict, which resulted in Ohio National Guardsmen killing four unarmed students at Kent State University. He received no response to his letter of application, and learned years later that he had been hired, but his appointment had been canceled at the last minute due to budget cuts. Nixon considered proposing a comprehensive test-ban treaty, but he felt he would not have time to complete it during his presidency. Yet even in a spirit of historical revisionism, no simple verdict is possible. That made his voters very confused about whether he was a conservative or a liberal. [26] In 1933, he became engaged to Ola Florence Welch, daughter of the Whittier police chief, but they broke up in 1935. [224], On June 10, McGovern won the California primary and secured the Democratic nomination. The vice president welcomed the president's initiatives and worked energetically to accomplish White House objectives. - In 1975 a US senate committee investigation concluded that US economic policy under Nixon was a significant factor in contributing to Chile's economic problems I can always count on your writers to produce exactly what I request. Though Nixon had no official credentials, as a former president he was seen as the American presence at its former ally's funeral. Reagan was simply obsessed by the idea that Soviet countries are the enemies, who want to destroy the worlds free enterprise system and to create one Socialistic society. [8], Nixon's upbringing was influenced by Quaker observances of the time such as abstinence from alcohol, dancing, and swearing. During the Nixon administration, the U.S. greatly increased arms sales to the Middle East, particularly Israel, Iran and Saudi Arabia. - Kissinger offered a committee of National Recognition (one third south, one third north and one third neutral to oversee discussions), What was the outcome of the 1972 Peace negotiations, - In October 1972 Nixon backed out of peace, fearing he did not have peace with honour "[21] Nixon said he tried to use a conversational tone as much as possible. [259] He had hoped to wait before writing his memoirs; the fact that his assets were being eaten away by expenses and lawyer fees compelled him to begin work quickly. Nixon also had controversial ideas about dealing with Iraq and Iran problem. Nixon's domestic policy saw him impose wage and price controls for 90 days, enforce desegregation of Southern schools, establish the Environmental Protection Agency, and begin the War on Cancer. - Nixon tested Vietnamization when 500 South Vietnamese soldiers began the Lam Son offensive in Laos - Nixon made progress with detente (relaxing tensions with the USSR and China). [80], Eisenhower gave Nixon more responsibilities during his term than any previous vice president. However, Nixon desired that the US should not be perceived as having lost the war and peace should be achieved with honor. These contradictory aims led to his escalation of the War in April 1970 when the invasion of Cambodia was authorized, supposedly to pursue the North Vietnamese forces. [161] Nixon's responses to protesters included an impromptu, early morning meeting with them at the Lincoln Memorial on May 9, 1970. Nixon opened the doors for women in collegiate sports when he signed Title IX in 1972, a civil rights law preventing gender bias at colleges and universities receiving Federal aid. [9] Four of the five Nixon boys were named after kings who had ruled in medieval or legendary Britain; Richard, for example, was named after Richard the Lionheart. [262] They began on the topic of foreign policy, recounting the leaders he had known, but the most remembered section of the interviews was that on Watergate. [214] He also endorsed the Equal Rights Amendment after it passed both houses of Congress in 1972 and went to the states for ratification. [107], Televised presidential debates made their debut as a political medium during the campaign. [28] Nixon described it in his memoirs as "a case of love at first sight"[38]for Nixon only, as Pat Ryan turned down the young lawyer several times before agreeing to date him. To pay for the weapons, the shah raised the price of Iranian oil beyond the already high price charged by OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), of which Iran was a member. [250], Throughout the 1980s, Nixon maintained an ambitious schedule of speaking engagements and writing,[250] traveled, and met with many foreign leaders, especially those of Third World countries. [115] The family moved to New York City, where Nixon became a senior partner in the leading law firm Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie & Alexander. [199][198] Nixon vetoed the Clean Water Act of 1972objecting not to the policy goals of the legislation but to the amount of money to be spent on them, which he deemed excessive. Talk to them. He was prone to speak all his thoughts out aloud, which is not very good for a public image. [84] Nixon emotionally defended himself, stating that the fund was not secret, nor had donors received special favors. [104] When announcing his California campaign, Nixon had pledged not to run for president in 1964; even if he had not, he believed it would be difficult to defeat Kennedy, or after his assassination, Kennedy's successor, Lyndon Johnson. Nixons Foreign Policy - Short History - Office of the During the administration of Pres. "[304], Nixon's stance on domestic affairs has been credited with the passage and enforcement of environmental and regulatory legislation. He was re-elected with a historic electoral landslide in 1972 when he defeated George McGovern. [274] When the deposed Shah of Iran died in Egypt in July 1980, Nixon defied the State Department, which intended to send no U.S. representative, by attending the funeral. Surveys of historians and political scientists have ranked Nixon as a below-average president. Nixon [145] Americans took their first glance into everyday Chinese life through the cameras that accompanied Pat Nixon, who toured the city of Beijing and visited communes, schools, factories, and hospitals. - The US stopped all aid to Chile and World bank loans ($70 million in American aid was cut) The artist urges his audience to sit down; the work will take some time to complete, as "this portrait is a little more complicated than most". Nixon went to the historical campus of National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, got out of his car to confront the students, and stayed until forced back into the car by a volley of thrown objects. Soon after his inauguration, he appointed Vice President Agnew to lead a task force, which worked with local leadersboth white and blackto determine how to integrate local schools. He painted himself as a man of modest means (his wife had no mink coat; instead she wore a "respectable Republican cloth coat") and a patriot. Israel suffered heavy losses and Nixon ordered an airlift to resupply Israeli losses, cutting through inter-departmental squabbles and bureaucracy and taking personal responsibility for any response by Arab nations. [174] Nixon later described his strategy: I had long believed that an indispensable element of any successful peace initiative in Vietnam was to enlist, if possible, the help of the Soviets and the Chinese. [279], In 1986, Nixon addressed a convention of newspaper publishers, impressing his audience with his tour d'horizon of the world. WebThe madman theory is a political theory commonly associated with United States President Richard Nixon's foreign policy. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972, and met with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party; Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers; and Nikolai Podgorny, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, among other leading Soviet officials. An unintended negative consequence of the decision to sell arms to Iran was its impact on the U.S. economy. Reagan was more reasonable in dealing with other countries. [248] It was termed "a masterpiece" by Conrad Black, one of his biographers. Richard Nixon's Top Domestic and Foreign Policy [145], Nixon and Kissinger immediately met for an hour with CCP Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou at Mao's official private residence, where they discussed a range of issues. [128], Nixon waged a prominent television advertising campaign, meeting with supporters in front of cameras. [37] In later years, Nixon proudly said he was the only modern president to have previously worked as a practicing attorney. He remained in his hometown, enrolled at Whittier College in September 1930, and his expenses were met by a bequest from his maternal grandfather. [198] He relied on his domestic advisor John Ehrlichman, who favored protection of natural resources, to keep him "out of trouble on environmental issues. [212][213], In addition to desegregating public schools, Nixon implemented the Philadelphia Plan in 1970the first significant federal affirmative action program. - 74% thought that the South should not fall to communists, - North Vietnam was being driven to peace settlement by US bombings, Senio-Soviet relations and Nixons likelihood of being reelected His visit to China in 1972 eventually led to diplomatic relations between the two nations, and he also then concluded the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union. [172], Nixon engaged in intense negotiations with Brezhnev. Reagan was more reasonable in dealing with other countries. "[241], The legal battle over the tapes continued through early 1974, and in April Nixon announced the release of 1,200 pages of transcripts of White House conversations between himself and his aides. When Soviet Premier Brezhnev threatened to unilaterally enforce any peacekeeping mission militarily, Nixon ordered the U.S. military to DEFCON3,[183] placing all U.S. military personnel and bases on alert for nuclear war. [281], On July 19, 1990, the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace in Yorba Linda, California opened as a private institution with the Nixons in attendance. [124] She still managed to be supportive of her husband's ambitions. As Chief Diplomat, Dwight Eisenhower vocalized the domino theory, meaning that if one country fell to communism this would lead to the fall [282] In January 1994, the former president founded the Nixon Center (today the Center for the National Interest), a Washington policy think tank and conference center. WebRichard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974.A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.His five years in the White House