Every beating, every death, every malicious act was all recorded for the people of the U.S. to finally see the error of our ways. In Americas dedication to principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. In a standard, five-paragraph argumentative essay, there are three sections, each with their own components. [60] He feared that such a development among black Americans likewise would be the effect of continuing failures to do justice by American institutions, as it could result also from the disaffection propagated by black advocates of emigration, despairing of Americas prospects for reform. Once again, that hopefulness was grounded primarily in his appreciation of the unique virtue of Americas beginning; first things are always interesting, he liked to say,[10] and most of all in the case of a new nation dedicated to universal principles of justice. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. At the center of Kings dream was the hopeful expectation that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedwe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equaland that all men, yes black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.[1]. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. You're going to need to support your claim to get rid of that crummy, old, obsolete phone that's holding you back. Supporters of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 believed that. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense . So, there you have it - the four parts of an argument: claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. Proponents of this skeptical view cite the persistence of racial segregation in neighborhoods and schools; the persistence of stark disparities between black and white Americans in various measures of social and economic well-being; and, most alarmingly, the deepening alienationthe nihilism, as Cornel West candidly named it[2]prevalent among many AfricanAmericans living in urban poverty. Undaunted by these setbacks, however, he maintained to the end a strenuous schedule of speaking and writing, laboring to remind the succeeding generations that there was a right side and a wrong side in the late war and to propagate his undying faith in the mission and promise of America. Your mom's counterclaim is that you don't need one. [37] Ibid., pp. [12] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? July 5, 1852, in Douglass Papers, Vol. work!! Taking the policy claim from earlier, if an author is arguing that the United States should ban capital punishment, their reasons would be the reasons why they believe this is the case. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. Good reasoning for a claim is on topic, logically sound, factual, and can be supported by evidence. Reiterating at the end of his life a powerful theme of his earliest writings, Douglass insisted that educationmeans emancipation. Post comments: direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 Want this question answered? The central or overall claim of an argumentative essay is also known as the thesis. [46] One of the most corrupting, debilitating effects of slavery, in Douglasss analysis, was its fostering of a cultural disdain for laboring as an activity beneath the dignity of truly free, truly human beings. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - tiebe.gay How did Douglas remove his residual doubts about his fear of water? It was doubtful liberty at most, and almost certain death is we failed. [51] Frederick Douglass was one of the most commonly known slaves to have existed. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - fater24.com eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. When he spoke those words he was less than 10 years removed from the depredations of slavery, and the position he took in that 1847 speech reiterates the signature doctrine of his early Garrisonian mentors, for whom condemnation of the Constitution as a villainous compromise with slavery represented an article of abolitionist faith. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? If the author's claim is that organ selling should be legalized, an example of an effective counterclaim would be that organ selling should not be legalized because it can drive up the cost of organ transplants, meaning that only the rich could afford to receive a transplant. He is set free, in an educational sense. in Professional Writing and Rhetoric from the University of New Orleans and a B.A. Eachno-prepresource allows students to work at their own paces via mastery learning. The reasons of an argument are the reasoning or logical proof provided to prove the argument. In each piece of literature both authors also unknowingly touch on topics of early American history such as free labor ideology and paternalism therefore deepening our knowledge of popular understandings during this time period. The function of a claim is to provide the author's argument. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. safeguard properties lawsuit 2017; syl johnson chad ochocinco father In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. Add an answer. In what turned out to be Douglasss most prescient argument, slaverys demise would come about in the following sequence of events. Claims are not just opinions. This commitment not only appears in the Preamble, but also reflects a bedrock rule of legal interpretationa rule as old as law itself, Douglass observed, and grounded in the very nature of law, according to which a legal instrument must be construed strictly in favor of liberty and justice.[17], In Douglasss argument, these interpretive principles yielded powerfully anti-slavery results. The first of his positive reversals occurred as he was sent to serve as a house slave in Baltimore, where, aided by his kindly slavemistress Sophia Auld, he learned the rudiments of literacy. mount shasta missing persons; kevin russell facebook; what is secretary of state number ct; Although, Douglass is able to be direct our thoughts to these experiences in such a light, you feel as if you are witnessing it happen right before you. Protagoras was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the father of argument and debate. The proper remedy for these violations, as he conceived of it, was in accord with this conviction. How does douglass refute this counterclaim? He shouted with joy when he was able to achieve this feat. How would you like to be able to win any argument? [55] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 287; Douglass, Self-Elevation, in Life and Writings, Vol. In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. It made of Americans one glorious and homogeneous people (as Douglass said of the Emancipation Proclamation)[30] and elevated America to its rightful place among nations as exemplar of the humanitarian spirit of the age. In that speech, often considered the greatest of all abolitionist speeches, he excoriated Americas injustices no less vigorously than he ever had, but he took great care to distinguish Americas practice from its first principles and the actions of its subsequent generations from those of its Founders. . (a) What main claim shapes Douglass's speech? 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", There are a number of key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. Its easy for us to admit that slavery is wrong but, in Frederick Douglasss time no one thought that it was. Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. So he labored on in those years, cherishing the memory of Lincoln in part for his own, personal reasons and calling his fellow citizens also to venerate the Great Emancipator that they might be bound ever more firmly to the great cause for which he and so many loyal citizens had died: to bring forth out of the terrible war a renewed nation, reconceived in liberty and rededicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. Yet, while Douglass narrative describes in vivid detail his experiences of life as a slave, what Douglass intends for his readers to grasp after reading his narrative is something much more profound. To find an adequate measure of compensation for any wrong, Douglass explained, we must first ascertain the nature and extent of the wrong itself. The extent of the wrongs of slavery over hundreds of years simply beggared any possible response. Douglass, was an African American writer, abolitionist, and so much more, but before any of this, he was a slave. Counterclaim - Argumentative Essay - Kennett Middle School Library [30] Life and Writings, Vol. I teach a seventh grade ELA class and weve just finished reading Walk Two Moonsby Sharon Creech. In the detective show, evidence is usually physical - like DNA or fingerprints. appalachian school of law shooting victims; private members' clubs london mayfair. There are three parts of the structure of an argumentative essay: introduction, body, and conclusion. The reason "capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison" answers "why" capital punishment should be banned. Everyone would agree that education helps develop us into who we are and what we can become. Under the whole Heavens, he remarked in 1894, there never was a people liberated from bondage under conditions less favorable to the successful beginning of a new and free mode of life, than were the Freedmen of the South. [51] With respect to corrective justice, he firmly endorsed the principle but took a subtle, carefully measured position with respect to its present application. I explain Douglasss argument more elaborately in Frederick Douglass, pp. In these three stories, as well as in a sizable number of other articles, lectures, and letters, Douglass strongly advocated against slavery. keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com In your thesis paragraph, you make it . [51] Douglass, The Blessings of Liberty and Education, September 3, 1894, in Douglass Papers, Vol. [45] The manuscript is available in the Frederick Douglass Papers at the Library of Congress (Speech, Article, and Book File; Miscellany, Folder 7 of 20) and also online at the librarys Douglass Papers Web site, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. 'My friends that have Internet access make the Honor Roll.'. June 14, 2022 The conclusion ties to the claim and. V, p. 624. a) the regulation of business protected consumers. If I told my mom that bit about the Internet access and the Honor Roll, you can bet she would make me prove it by showing it to her. The specific nature of slaverys worst wrongs, however, suggested a more definite approach. Space permits here only a brief sketch of Douglasss singularly remarkable life story, which sheds much light on the formation of his political philosophy. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. How to Teach Essaysincludes 42 skill-based essay strategy worksheets (fillable PDFs and 62 Google slides), beginning with simple 3-word paragraphs and proceeding step-by-step to complex multi-paragraph essays. A claim of cause and effect is a claim that one thing influences or affects another. What is remarkable, then, is not that Douglass felt alienated from his country for most of the 1840s, but rather that, by the force of his character and intellect, he overcame this alienation as rapidly and thoroughly as he did. -I have learned that African Americans have always been bullied and degraded by others, and they didn't get their freedom in the US until the mid 19th century, A discussion of a controversial or debatable issue, A particular belief, conclusion, or point of view. There are a number of key arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass". The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. [N]o one seems to have doubted the correctness of the prevailing opinion of the time.[4]. He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. In our example, you would need to give or cite some concrete evidence like, 'According to research, students with Internet access on their phones are more likely to make the Honor Roll.' . We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. The voting right was, for Douglass, the keystone of the arch of human liberty, as it was the primary, indispensable means of guarding every other right. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. [58] The Blessings of Liberty and Education, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Latest answer posted July 17, 2016 at 4:13:08 PM. To this day, Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe preeminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. ', Then it's time for the reasons you've prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she'll ask. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? [19] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. The federal government would find itself surrounded by a hostile spirit in the lately rebellious states, he warned, and the strength to counterbalance this spirit would be found in the negroes of the south.[40] Moreover, a policy of equal suffrage would have, over time, a more profound integrative effect in the healing of racial divisions. [44] Douglass, We Are Not Yet Quite Free, August 3, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. [15] Douglass, What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. Everybody has asked the question, he complained in early 1865, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the negro after emancipation? [8] The reader interested in a fuller account of Douglasss life should begin by reading Douglasss autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845); My Bondage and My Freedom (1855); and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881; expanded 1892). She has an M.A. "Florida has estimated that the true cost of each execution is approximately $3.2 million, or approximately six times what it would cost to keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). Speaking in mid-1863 on the question What shall be done with the Negro? he specified four altogether objectionable responses. [38] What the Black Man Wants, in Douglass Papers, Vol. On one side, he rejected as plainly blasphemous the radical positivism expressed in the eminent Senator Henry Clays assertion that what the law makes property, is property.[42] At the other extreme, he judged it arrant nonsense to conflate the causes of abolitionism and socialism, as some abolitionists did in the belief that they could eradicate the desire for property in another human being only by eradicating the desire for private property of any kind. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. I was a man now.[9]. How does the concept vocabulary sharpen the reader's understanding of He states This battle with Mr. This provides more room to address the counterclaim and apply a rebuttal of the counterclaim. Writing before slaves were freed in the United States, Douglass' main objective in the Narrative is to dispel any notion that slavery is good for those enslaved. They were great men too. It did much more, that is, than convey the Framers general disapproval of slavery and their design to recognize slavery only as a local institution, to tolerate it only as a necessary, temporary evil, and to contain its expansion to the end of promoting its eventual abolition. For a standard 5-paragraph essay, the introduction is one paragraph and contains the thesis statement, or overall claim for the essay. He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. For example, one popular reason in support of the claim about banning capital punishment is that capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. [27], Through long and deep reflection, Douglass finally came to regard Lincoln as the one manto whom we are more indebted for a United Nation and for American liberty than to any otherthe greatest statesman that ever presided over the destinies of this Republic.[28], Lincolns assassination was the crowning crime of slavery, as Douglass declared in his 1876 memorial, and it was also a damaging blow to hopes for a just and prudent policy for the nations postwar reconstruction. -douglas was trying to to reach to people who didn't agree with slavery, but never did anything to fight against it.
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