The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? Overview. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Portuguese explorers were excellent navigators. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. Baker Hughes (NYSE: BKR) is a leading energy technology company that design, manufacture and service transformative technologies to help take energy forward. Spanish and Portuguese explorations expanded the understanding of the world and the diversity of its people for future centuries. When Corts explored central Mexico, he encountered a region simmering with native conflict. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - OpenStax It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. These lands comprised most of the Americas. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. Spanish and Portuguese exploration brought a variety of Western ideas to the new world, including dress and leadership positions like that of the governor. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? Tools Used By Spanish Ships In The 15th Century | ipl.org On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. Impact of the Age of Exploration - StudyMode For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. Spanish & Portuguese Exploration of the New World & Asia | Motives found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. Benjamin Walter on LinkedIn: What is the effect of emplacement depth This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. Effects of Spanish Exploration - CAST Henry the Navigator. The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . Cortes formally claimed Mexican land for the Spanish crown in 1519. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. A. Africans found a sea route around the world. For more than a century, Baker Hughes . Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. 247 lessons Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). PDF EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1400 1500 (Adapted from Discovery Education) Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. What were the effects of later Spanish exploration? - Short-Fact Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Magellan's Circumnavigation of the Earth | Origins The Portuguese explored the Canary Islands off the African coast as early as 1341, finding them perfect for the establishment of sugar colonies with labor supplied by African slaves. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. Prince Henry the Navigator - Facts, Timeline & Significance - Biography The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. Hispaniola is a marvel. Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. The Portuguese led the way as explorers sponsored by Prince Henry the Navigator sailed down the coast of Africa, establishing a profitable trade in gold and slaves. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . Age of Discovery - Wikipedia What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? YouTube Videos for Young Children: An Exploratory Study The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. When the Immortal had Thrash's set, the Dimensional lords had no choice, but to give up a huge part of Alphen to the Immortal's army. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. Want to create or adapt books like this? poway high school bell schedule 2021. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. . With the Reconquista complete and Spain a unified country, Ferdinand and Isabella could turn their attention to overseas exploration. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. . Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Alejandro Duran - Vice President - Reservoir and Consulting - LinkedIn Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. An error occurred trying to load this video. The English Empire, 16601763, Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests, 1763-1774, America's War for Independence, 1775-1783, Creating Republican Governments, 17761790, Growing Pains: The New Republic, 17901820, Industrial Transformation in the North, 18001850, A Nation on the Move: Westward Expansion, 18001860, Cotton is King: The Antebellum South, 18001860, Antebellum Idealism and Reform Impulses, 18201860, Go West Young Man! Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. It began with the Vikings' brief stint . An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. Spanish . Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. 2.1: Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. 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Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. Chapter 15 Maritime Revolution - AP World History - Google This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. flashcard sets. Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina. Riches poured in from the colonies, and new ideas poured in from other countries and new lands. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Only by playing upon the disunity among the diverse groups in the Aztec Empire were the Spanish able to capture the grand city of Tenochtitln. Many ideas and methods of expansion were flowed along over time. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. Probanzas de mritos were reports and letters written by Spaniards in the New World to the Spanish crown, designed to win royal patronage. Ecuador and Columbia fell to Spain later in the 1530s, and Chile succumbed in the 1540s. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. SE. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. They also found a sea route to India. They also found a sea route to India. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. Bachelor of Fine Arts | BFA Degrees | NYFA In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. [3] Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Flashcards | Quizlet what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?san juan airport restaurants hours Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. This compass showed from four to eight directions. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. After Christopher Columbus bumped into the New World in 1492, a string of explorers and conquistadors set about claiming territory for Spain. Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. 5 Pages. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. Beginning in about 1418, Henry sent explorers to sea almost every year. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century.