She also gained recognition for her work as an advocate of causes designed to benefit children and animals and retained a lifelong commitment to public education. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. Byla editelkou oddlen softwarovho inenrstv v MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, kter vyvjela letov software pro Program Apollo.V roce 1986 zaloila spolenost Hamilton Technologies, kter sdl ve mst Cambridge ve stt Massachusetts. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 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[18] In 1979, she was a guest speaker at a University of Connecticut children's literature class. Margaret Hamilton: 'They worried that the men might rebel. They didn't They had one son, Hamilton Wadsworth Meserve, whom she raised on her own. She had three grandchildren, Christopher, Scott, and Margaret. Without exaggeration, it could be said that the heroes of the arrival to the Moon were four: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins and Margaret Hamilton. Margaret Dawn Hamilton AM (23 June 1941 - 24 November 2022) [1] was an Australian children's literature publisher who served as the National President of the Children's Book Council of Australia from 1991 to 1992 and as a National Board Member until April 2017 when she formally retired. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. and he said, 'What else? One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo program's guidance system. (196566; Hamilton had been offered the role of Grandmama, but turned it down. My Little Chickadee. ..and your little dog, too!" The woman behind of cinema's most iconic villains, Cleveland-born Margaret . The solution came from a young Margaret who assured the Mission Director that she could safely ignore the two error messages. She spent 11 days in hospital and her legs were permanently scarred. She often remarked about children coming up to her and asking her why she had been so mean to Dorothy. As Neil Armstrong was already preparing to bring the ship down, the computer started displaying two errors: error 1201 and error 1202. Earlham College, Richmond. The on-board flight software captured these alarms with the "never supposed to happen displays" interrupting the astronauts with priority alarm displays. [14] On October 30, 1975, she guest-starred on the radio revival series CBS Radio Mystery Theater. She coined the term software engineer because she felt that the work she and her team were doing was just as important and just as much engineering as the other work on the Apollo spacecraft. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office She portrayed the sister of Witchiepoo from H.R. [66], She met her first husband, James Cox Hamilton,[80] in the mid-1950s while attending college. Margaret Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936. She was portrayed by Fenella Woolgar in "Judy" (2019). She served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951 and was a Sunday school teacher during the 1950s. In later years, Hamilton appeared in films and made frequent cameo appearances on television sitcoms and commercials. !' Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. [11], In Boston, Hamilton initially intended to enroll in graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. Zack, Suzanne. Even with her extensive film career, Hamilton took roles in whatever medium she could get if she was free, making her soap opera debut as the nasty Mrs. Sayre on Valiant Lady, who schemed to prevent her daughter from marrying the heroine's son. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. Would spoof her famous role of The Wicked Witch of The West in a 1976 Paul Lynde Halloween Special for television. She was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Margaret Hamilton, the woman who gave the moon to Mankind. In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. [54][55][56] Hamilton details how she came to make up the term "software engineering": When I first came up with the term, no one had heard of it before, at least in our world. [48] Others have used HOS to formalize the semantics of linguistic quantifiers,[49] and to formalize the design of reliable real-time embedded systems. In this famous MIT lab, her team developed the navigation software for the Apollo Space Program. Later in the decade, she was in a little-known film noir, titled Bungalow 13 (1948), in which she again costarred opposite Cromwell. [13] Hamilton continued acting regularly until 1982; her last roles were two guest appearances as veteran journalist Thea Taft (in 1979 and 1982) on Lou Grant. Margaret Hamilton Biography Margaret Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio on December 9, 1902, the youngest of four children and obtained her teaching certificate in 1923 from the Wheelock . There was no second chance. "All of a sudden, the normal mission sequences were interrupted by priority displays of 1201 and 1202 alarms, giving the astronauts a go/no-go decision (to land or not to land)," she added. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. Armstrong had no time for lengthy explanations. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). Contrary to her character, one of the top villains in movie . Margaret Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. At MIT, Margaret Hamilton was on the staff of the Draper Laboratory, founded in 1932 by Dr. Charles Stark Draper. Margaret Hamilton Career Profession: Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner Known For: Director of the "Software Engineering Division" of the "MIT Instrumentation Laboratory", which developed "On-board Flight Software for NASA's Apollo Space Program Debut: Film debut: These Three (1936) Movie poster Net Worth: $12 Million Approx In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. They're really scared for a second. In Wired magazine, she said in 2015 "I enjoyed school, but there was something about maths that I loved more than anything". Omissions? The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". And what had happened was it was tricky programming, and the person who wrote it took delight in the fact that all of his comments were in Greek and Latin. Hamilton never remarried. Margaret Hamilton is an American software engineer and computer scientist best known for leading the team responsible for creating the software for the Apollo moon missions and Skylab space station. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Her crisp voice with rapid but clear enunciation was another trademark. CAPE ISLAND Tour boat operators sometimes entertained their passengers by referring to Cape Island as "Witch's Island." That's because the primary resident there, during summers from 1961 to 1985, was Margaret Hamilton, the actor who played the Wicked Witch of the West and Elmira Gulch in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.. Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. margaret-hamilton-bio-wiki-age-family-net-worth-height-nationality-and-facts.html. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. [15], Hamilton remained a lifelong friend of The Wizard of Oz castmate Ray Bolger (the scarecrow). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Only co-star Frank Morgan played more roles (five) in the film. [13][14][15] Her work contributed to Lorenz's publications on chaos theory. [81][80] She briefly taught high school mathematics and French at a public school in Boston, Indiana. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio to Jennie and Walter Hamilton. In March 1986, she founded Hamilton Technologies, Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. (Image credit: The White House via collectSPACE.com). Pufnstuf herself being spoofed by actress Billie Hayes. Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. Snyder, Lawrence and Henry, Ray Laura, "Fluency7 with Information Technology", Pearson, M. Hamilton, S. Zeldin (1976) "Higher order softwareA methodology for defining software". [59] Over time the term "software engineering" gained the same respect as any other technical discipline. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. Margaret Hamilton - Trakt Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science since 2015. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. She is from USA. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 9 December. Hamilton had to recuperate in a hospital and at home for six weeks after the accident before returning to the set to complete her work on the film and refused to have anything further to do with fire for the rest of the filming. Margaret had already built her resume with several performances in film before she came to her most memorable and astronomically successful role, Almira Gulch / The Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939). So, how much is Margaret Hamilton worth at the age of 83 years old? In the early 1960s Hamilton joined MITs Lincoln Laboratory, where she was involved in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) project, the first U.S. air defense system. [20] Hamilton's team was responsible for developing in-flight software,[21] which included algorithms designed by various senior scientists for the Apollo command module, Apollo lunar module, and the subsequent Skylab. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. [4][5] The family later moved to Michigan,[6] where Margaret graduated from Hancock High School in 1954. The contract was awarded just weeks before then-President John F. Kennedy announced that he planned to have humans on the moon by the end of the decade. Hamilton was the recipient of various honours, including NASAs Exceptional Space Act Award (2003). Searching to find out more about Margaret Hamilton? In 2017, she was one of a handful of Nasa women to be immortalised as a Lego figurine .On the 50th anniversary of the first moon landing, Hamilton, 82, looks back on her trailblazing work in. While studying mathematics and philosophy at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, she met James Hamilton, and they subsequently married. and he said 'Maggie, they want you to play a part on the Wizard.' We had to find a way and we did. Not because of his acceptance of the new 'term' per se, but because we had earned his and the acceptance of the others in the room as being in an engineering field in its own right. In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. Margaret Hamilton: Credits, Bio, News & More | Broadway World Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom, SpaceX scrubs Crew-6 astronaut launch due to ignition-fluid issue, Experience SpaceX's Crew-6 astronaut mission with these amazing photos, DNA from 4 American presidents will launch to deep space, Asteroid Ryugu is rich in organic molecules that can be building blocks of life, On This Day In Space: Feb. 26, 1966: 1st launch of Saturn 1B rocket, Your monthly guide to stargazing & space science, Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with code 'LOVE5', Issues delivered straight to your door or device. Besides her work in Apollo, she was part of MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Semi-Automatic Ground Environment Air Defense System, or SAGE. She was 82 years old. During the 1960s and 1970s, Hamilton appeared regularly on television. [17], Hamilton's early experience as a teacher fueled a lifelong interest in educational issues. Play Girl. Hamilton said: What they used to do when you came into this organization as a beginner, was to assign you this program which nobody was able to ever figure out or get to run. In one of the critical moments of the Apollo 11 mission, the Apollo Guidance Computer, together with the on-board flight software, averted an abort of the landing on the Moon. She subsequently developed Alzheimer's disease and died in her sleep following a heart attack on May 16, 1985 in Salisbury, Connecticut at the age of 82. We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! Design & Development: Her Code Got Humans on the MoonAnd Invented Software Itself Qualification: BA in Mathematics with a Minor in Philosophy, College: Earlham College, University of Michigan, Profession: Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner, Known For: Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed On-board Flight Software for NASAs Apollo Space Program, James Cox Hamilton; (m. 1958; div. '[8], Hamilton's stand-in and stunt double for the Witch, Betty Danko, also suffered an on-set accident on February 11, 1939. Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. Mutual respect was across the board. And there's always a funny reaction, like 'Ye gods, they wish they hadn't asked.' A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. Elizabeth Howell (she/her), Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022 covering diversity, education and gaming as well. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Though only in her early '30s, the gloriously unpretty Hamilton subsequently . It even printed out its answers in Latin and Greek. A few years later, they were reunited on Broadway for the short-lived musical Come Summer. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! For other people named Margaret Hamilton, see. Margaret Hamilton Biography, Age, Height, Husband, Net Worth, Family document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Copyright 2018-2023, All Rights Reserved Super Stars Bio. This system played a crucial role just before the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). It was intended to guide the spacecraft once they had achieved Earth orbit. She appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood in 1975 where she explained to children she was only playing a role and showed how putting on a costume "transformed" her into the witch. Hamilton next worked at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory (now the independent Charles Stark Draper Laboratory), which provided aeronautical technology for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Margaret Hamilton, Software Engineer Who Landed NASA's - Medium She soon transferred, however, to Earlham College in Indiana where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics, with a minor in philosophy. We knew that. [47] In 1980, British-Israeli computer scientist David Harel published a proposal for a structured programming language derived from HOS from the viewpoint of and/or subgoals. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. Everything was done based on codes, so that they did not occupy too much space in the small memories of the computers, which were NOT made of silicon, but were housed in iron cores. Cameron Diaz Biography, Facts & Life Story, Cam Newton Biography, Facts & Life Story, Roman Reigns Biography, Facts & Life Story, Lindsay Lohan Biography, Facts & Life Story, Christopher Lloyd Biography, Facts & Life Story, Michael Chiklis Biography, Facts & Life Story, Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner. [37] Jack Garman, a NASA computer engineer in mission control, recognized the meaning of the errors that were presented to the astronauts by the priority displays and shouted, "Go, go!" Margaret Hamilton - Wikipedie 2003 Annual Report of the NASA Inventions and Contributions Board, 2003. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. "From 'Kiddie Lit' to Children's Literature: The Biography of Francelia Butler." Margaret Hamilton Storey - Wikipedia She grew up during a time when very few women studied computer science, but Hamilton knew she wanted to write code. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. Half a century ago, MIT played a critical role in the development of the flight software for NASAs Apollo program, which landed humans on the Moon for the first time in 1969. Later in life, she would comment on the role of the witch in a light-hearted fashion. When I was the beginner they gave it to me as well. In 1945, she played the domineering sister of Oz co-star Jack Haley in George White's Scandals, comically trying to prevent him from marrying actress Joan Davis, even going so far as to throw a hatchet at her. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. In The Paul Lynde Halloween Special (1976), she portrayed Lynde's housekeeper, reprising the Wicked Witch role, as well as introducing Lynde to the rock group Kiss. They have a daughter named Lauren. Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer | Space Your email address will not be published. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office At the time, computer science and software engineering were not yet established disciplines; instead, programmers learned on the job with hands-on experience. American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. Having started on the stage in the early 1930s, she began to work extensively in the theater after leaving Los Angeles. President Barack Obama presents Apollo code developer Margaret Hamilton (at left) and "Apollo 13" actor Tom Hanks (right) with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Nov. 22, 2016. The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. "[13] She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. She played Morticia Addams' mother, Hester Frump, in three episodes of The Addams Family. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. [38] Paul Curto, senior technologist who nominated Hamilton for a NASA Space Act Award, called Hamilton's work "the foundation for ultra-reliable software design".[23].